Introduction to Acidity

Acidity, also known as acid reflux or heartburn, occurs when stomach acid flows back into the oesophagus, causing a burning sensation in the chest and throat. It is a common digestive issue that can affect individuals of all ages.

Symptoms of Acidity

• Burning sensation in the chest (heartburn)
• Sour or bitter taste in the mouth
• Difficulty swallowing
• Chronic cough or sore throat
• Regurgitation of food or sour liquid

Causes of Acidity

• Dietary Factors: Consuming spicy, fatty, or acidic foods; overeating; and drinking carbonated or caffeinated beverages.
• Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, alcohol consumption, stress, and lack of physical activity.
• Medical Conditions: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), obesity, pregnancy, and hiatal hernia.

Diagnosis and Treatment

1. Diagnosis: Acidity is typically diagnosed based on symptoms. In some cases, additional tests such as endoscopy, pH monitoring, or oesophagal manometry may be recommended to rule out more serious conditions.

1. Treatment Options:

   • Lifestyle Modifications: Avoid trigger foods, eat smaller meals, and maintain a healthy weight. Elevate the head of the bed and avoid lying down immediately after meals.
   • Medications: Antacids, H2 blockers, and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can help reduce stomach acid and relieve symptoms.
   • Surgical Options: In severe cases of GERD, surgical procedures such as fundoplication may be considered to strengthen the lower oesophagal sphincter.

Preventing Acidity

• Healthy Diet: Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Avoid foods that trigger acid reflux.
• Regular Exercise: Engage in regular physical activity to maintain a healthy weight and reduce stress.
• Avoid Triggers: Identify and avoid foods and beverages that cause symptoms. Limit alcohol, caffeine, and carbonated drinks.
• Mindful Eating: Eat smaller, more frequent meals and chew food thoroughly. Avoid eating late at night.